Dirt, dirty teeth

Today we had a busy lesson creating dirt on the skin and dirty teeth using lots of different products.

Health & safety:
- Make sure the clients clothes are covered as the products used can get very messy.
- If the client has previously had teeth whitening or tooth caps then do not use the enamel on their teeth as it could potentially effect the colour. (dirty teeth)
- Dont get any of the 'dirt effect' skin sprays in the mouth and make sure that the clients eyes are closed whenever you spray the product. (dirty skin)
- Make sure the room is well ventilated as we are using spray products and we don't want the fumes to linger. (dirty skin)

Products used:
- Kryolan teeth enamel - black and nicotine
- Fullers earth
- Water
- Cotton buds
- Spatula
- Hair dryer
- Supra palette
- Bowls
- Kryolan body sprays - grey, brown & black
- Blood watered down ( if you want to add blood)


Dirty skin

1. Place some fullers earth into a mixing bowl and add water to make the consistency into a paste and then apply the product to the area you want the dirt to be.
2. To dry, use a hairdryer on a cool setting and wait until the product turns white (thats when you know it's dry)
3. The drying process should crack the fullers earth to create the look of dry,cracked skin. If it isn't cracked enough then you can squeeze the skin together and the product should crack.
4. Using the kryolan sprays you can take whatever colour you would like and lightly spray from a distance to add different colours to the area.
5. Using supra colours you can place them underneath the nails and around the cracks on the skin to create dirty nails.

Dirty teeth

There are different types of tooth enamel that you can buy to create different types of dirty teeth. I used black and then nicotine over the top, and i liked the look it created.

1. Check with the client that they don't have their teeth whitened / tooth caps before applying the tooth enamel.
2. Dry the teeth you want to make dirty using a cotton bud.
3. Make sure the client doesn't close their mouth through the whole process or let their lips touch their teeth.
4. Shake the bottle well before using it and apply some product onto a mixing palette / surface.
5. Using a clean cotton bud apply the product to the teeth.
6. Once you are happy with how the teeth look, let the enamel dry on the teeth and then the client can close their mouth and it shouldn't smudge.
7. To take off the enamel use a cotton bud and surgical spirit

Self reflection:

I really enjoyed using these different products to create different effects on the skin and teeth. When it came to using the fullers earth i found it very easy to use but it was very messy and i didn't really like the outcome of using that product at all. It didn't look like dirt to me, it looked like a zombie or some kind of rotting creature.
The colour of the sprays were really effective and i liked the colours that they produced on the skin however, i found them very difficult to work with as the spray itself sprayed out a lot of product at once and it was hard to be light handed with it. Once it hit the skin it dried incredibly fast meaning that i couldn't really fix the issue or work with the product.
As for the tooth enamel, apart from the smell (which was gross) it was a great product and so so effective. In a way it was easy to use, just have to do research and make sure you know what kind of dirt you want on the teeth and what effect you are going for.

High Definition Broadcasting

What is High Definition Broadcasting and how does it affect make up and hair artists?

High Definition Broadcasting is essentially the upgrade from standard television broadcasting, it broadcasts television in High definition which means higher pixels, therefore getting an overall better quality of television. The image is a lot clearer and you can see particular shots in a lot more detail. The first high definition broadcast in the Uk began in 2006 (BBC). The majority of television channels are broadcasted in standard definition but the major broadcasters have now started to broadcast in high definition, e.g. BBC, ITV, Channel 4, Channel 5 etc.  This also effects films as well, most films are shot in high definition and shown in high definition, this means that the image is a lot clearer therefore you have to make everything look as realistic as possible, because the camera will pick up every little detail.

High definition is so much sharper and clearer than standard definition that every detail is picked up on camera. You can see pores, wrinkles, blemishes so much clearer than you used to which makes it a lot more difficult for makeup artists when it comes to applying make up to actors. Too much makeup and you can tell you have been caked in makeup and it looks horrible and too little and you look flat faced. HD makeup is very popular now and brands such as Make Up Forever have their own HD line specifically for pictures,film etc that are shot in HD. For example their HD powder has been designed so that it doesn't give the actor the ashy, pale flash back that a regular face powder can give. HD make up tends to have high coverage because this way it makes the skin look flawless in photos and on camera. 

Also when using SFX and prosthetics in tv or film, it is very important now that the artists take the time to make it look as realistic as possible as it will be very easy for the viewer to tell if it hasn't been applied properly and to see whether it looks like the actors real skin or not.

As for the hair stylists, again because the image is so clear, the viewer can see every detail meaning that they will be able to see wonky partings/sections, stray hairs, baby hairs, pins within the hair, hair extensions, extra hair pieces & also wigs can look a lot less real if shot up close. This means that hair stylists have to make sure that the hair looks as realistic as possible if using extensions, or wigs. They also have to hide their pins well when doing updo's and make sure the hair is as slick and precise as they can get it, because any fly aways and stray hairs will pick up on the camera. The colouring of the hair is very important as well if the stylist is using extensions or extra hair pieces to create a hair style, it's important that the extension or hair piece is the exact same colour as the models real hair.

Late victorian hair research

Victorian hairstyles changed a lot toward the end of the era. Women's hair changed to looser curls, hair was longer (shoulder length), curls are at the back of the head and not the front, fringes were brought into fashion, short curly fringes became popular etc.

Hairstyles tended to reflect the fashion, aspirations and social changes in society at that time. The hairstyles reflected the dresses that women wore at the time. As the skirts of the dresses were drawn back towards the late 1860's so was the hair with pulling it back to reveal the ears. The flat top and the curls spiralling down the back of the neck mimicked the details on the back and train of the gowns.

The industrial revolution saw a massive rise in the middle class which brought a lot more new fashions and hairstyles to the era. By the 1850's department stores became popular meaning that women bought a lot of hair pieces and adornments to go in their hair. This depended on their wealthiness as to what kind of piece they bought.

When the civil war was going on during 1861-1865 this brought a new hairstyle for women. It was more to do with practicality during the war rather than elaborate hairstyles with adornments. The hair was scarped back off of the face and put tightly into a bun so that no hair was down in the face and bothering her. It was a lot more practical to have no hair hanging down around the face to worry about.

Towards the end of the 19th century curling irons were introduced which changed hairstyles again to become a lot more heavily influenced by soft waves. However only those who could afford curling irons would use them. They were introduced by Marcel Grateau and was known as the 'Marcell wave', it was a lot more natural wave to the hair rather than the curls we saw in the 1860's.

It was shown as a sign of respect to cover the hair completely and wear it up when there was a death in the family. Queen Victoria wore her hair up and covered (bar a few exceptions) after her husband Albert passed away. To show that she was mourning she covered her hair always and wore it up. It was popular to keep the hair of a loved one that had passed away in a locket as a sign of love. 

Mens hairstyles:

As you can see from the images above hairstyles became a lot shorted towards the end of the victorian era, and it became more popular to have a lot of facial hair. Beards, moustaches, mutton chops and side burns were all really popular. Men used to tame their facial hair using oils and waxes to help shape the hair. They would also wear wood frames at night to keep their moustaches shaped.

It was popular for men fighting in the American civil war to grow facial hair because the temperature was so cold that by growing facial hair they could keep their face warmer. It wasn't until towards the end of the victorian era that it became popular for men to have a clean shave.


References:
1. Chertsey museum (no date) Available at: http://chertseymuseum.org/hair (Accessed: 13 February 2016).
2. Victorian women’s fashion, 1850-1900: Hairstyles (2001) Available at: http://www.victorianweb.org/art/costume/nunn10.html (Accessed: 13 February 2016).
3. Bryer, R. (2000) The history of hair: Fashion and fantasy down the ages. London: Distributed in the USA and Canada by Antique Collectors’ Club.
4. Victorian men’s fashions, 1850-1900: Hair (2001) Available at: http://www.victorianweb.org/art/costume/nunn21.html (Accessed: 13 February 2016).

Is there such thing as Broken Heart Syndrome?

From reading Wuthering Heights and focusing on the character Heathcliff, i decided to look into whether dying of a broken heart really is a real thing. When Cathy dies, Heathcliff just seems to go downhill from there and become more and more weak.

Women are more likely than men to get the sudden, intense chest pain. The chest pain is a reaction to a surge of stress hormones that can be caused by an emotionally traumatic event.

Broken Heart Syndrome may be misdiagnosed as a heart attack because the symptoms and test results are similar. However, unlike a heart attack, there is no evidence of blocked heart arteries in Broken Heart Syndrome.

Broken heart syndrome can lead to severe, short term heart muscle failure.

Symptoms:
- Chest pain
- Shortness of breath

Causes:
- Unexpected death of a loved one
- Frightening medical diagnosis
- Domestic abuse
- Losing a lot of money
- Physical stress factors (car accident, major surgery)



References:
1.

Is broken heart syndrome real? (2015) Available at: http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/More/Cardiomyopathy/Is-Broken-Heart-Syndrome-Real_UCM_448547_Article.jsp#.Vw_qi2NeBZ0 (Accessed: 14 April 2016).
2. 

Staff, M.C. (2014) ‘Broken heart syndrome symptoms’, Mayoclinic, .

Early victorian hair research

In the early 1830's which was considered as 'early victorian era' hair styles were extremely different to what was considered 'ok' in society towards the end of the victorian era. As in most era's hairstyles change depending on the decade, because of events going on in the world, fashion of the time, what is considered to look appealing to others and role models of the time.

All victorian girls and women had extremely long hair as they never cut it and just let it grow as long as they could. The longer the hair the better because the longer the plaits could be meaning they could do more with their hair. Long, flowing hair was only acceptable in girlhood, long hair was not considered acceptable to wear when you were older. Long hair was sexualised and considered to 'set the male heart fluttering' and was considered sexy to watch a lady let their hair down or put their hair up.

Early victorian hair consisted of a lot of plaits, buns and ringlets. Pre civil war it was popular to have ringlets at the front of the head to frame the face with a bun at the back of the head and also to have the plaits at the front of the head, looping underneath the ear and pinning to the bun. This was a popular hairstyle to women as they wore a lot of bonnets and this was the hairstyle that fitted underneath the bonnet but you could also see either the ringlets, sausage curls or plaits at the front out of the bonnet. The neater the hair and the different kind of hair pieces added depended on your wealth and social class.

Victorian men:

There isn't much to comment on about men's hairstyles in the early victorian era. The more elaborate and interesting men's hairstyles came in the late victorian era.

In the 1830's it was popular for men to wear a top hat, so their hairstyle replicated the fashion at the time. It was still popular to have large waves/curls in the hair similar to hairstyles in the 18th century. Men had a lot of curls and volume on top of their head with very slick sides with some facial hair so that their top hat could sit on their head and not affect their hairstyle so when they removed it their hair was still in place.
Side partings were in fashion whether you were having a voluminous hairstyle for under a top hat or just slicking down the hair. Generally mens hair was fairly short which made a change from the 18th century hairstyles.

References:
1. Thomas, P. (2006) Early Victorian Hairstyles and hats 1840-70. Available at: http://www.fashion-era.com/hair_hats_184070.htm (Accessed: 13 February 2016).
2. Harris, K. (2015) Victorian Hairstyles: A short history, in photos. Available at: http://www.whizzpast.com/victorian-hairstyles-a-short-history-in-photos/ (Accessed: 13 February 2016).
3. Chertsey museum (no date) Available at: http://chertseymuseum.org/hair (Accessed: 13 February 2016).
4. Bryer, R. (2000) The history of hair: Fashion and fantasy down the ages. London: Distributed in the USA and Canada by Antique Collectors’ Club.
5. 1837-1865 Hairstyles, ladies (early Victorian/civil war) (2012) Available at: https://uk.pinterest.com/furrypetals/1837-1865-hairstyles-ladies-early-victoriancivil-w/ (Accessed: 13 February 2016).

Late Victorian hair TECHNICAL

Helen started off the lesson by showing us images of late victorian  hairstyles and looking out how they differ a lot from early victorian hairstyles. This was adapted to fit the popular fashion at the time, what was going on in the world (wars etc) and more. This can all be explained in my Late victorian research post.

Compared to early victorian hair the styles have dropped, there are a lot of curls and the hair has been pushed to the back instead of focusing on plaits at the front and side of the head. These hairstyles were popular with women who wore extravagant headwear as the hairstyle had to fit the shape of the hat.

For this hairstyle we used heated rollers to create the shaping and volume of the hair at the front of the head that was brought back into the curled style to shape the face and make it flattering. For the rest of the hair we used hair tongs to create the curls which we then pinned.

Sectioning was extremely important for this hairstyle as if you got it wrong the whole hairstyle wouldn't work. We started off by sectioning the front 2 sections vertically behind the ear and then in a middle parting. Then with each of those separate sections we took 2 horizontal sections starting from the top and then 2 vertical sections of hair underneath that. These sections were for the heated rollers.

After that we created 2 pony tails one underneath the other at the back of the hair, leaving some remaining hair underneath. We then separated the hair within the ponytail into sections and curled using the tongs. Once curled we pinned the curls leaving some remaining curled hair out of the pin. With the remaining hair at the bottom we lifted it to attach to the pinned curls on the back of the head and this gave the hairstyle it's waterfall look.

We then removed the rollers at the front of the head and with the bottom 2 sections we combed them together and brought them to the back of the head and pinned in with the rest of the other curls. With the top 2 sections we combed them together also and brought it back to where we pinned the bottom section but just slightly above. If you did the rollers correctly you would have got volume at the centre parting creating a very soft wave in the hair. This was very flattering to the face.

Reflection:
Surprisingly i found this hairstyle quite easy to complete. I really enjoyed creating it as i have never used heated rollers before and the end result looked so pretty. The hardest part was applying the rollers. You had to make sure that the hair was all straight and even so that the rollers could go in and sit tightly. If one side was loose it wouldn't create the right curl. It took some getting used to using them, as they are quite hot and where i was applying them carefully and slowly they started to burn my fingers hahah. I was happy with how the end hairstyle turned out, i think it went well for my first attempt at using heated rollers and pinning curls.

Early Victorian hair TECHNICAL

In class we created this early victorian hairstyle. The images that we focused on trying to replicate were the images shown above. Queen Victoria used to wear her hair with a plaited bun at the back of the head and 2 plaits looping underneath her ears ( so they were exposed) and attached to the bun. These hairstyles were popular so that women could wear bonnets, so they made sure the hair was as flat to the head as it could be, but you still had the detail of the plaits around the ears.

I had to make sure i sectioned the hair correctly so that it would create the loops underneath the ears. I found it quite difficult to do on Leah's hair as she has very short hair so the plaits couldn't fully loop underneath the ears and into the bun so they loop halfway down the ear.

The hair was very smooth and all brought off the neck because it was important in early victorian times to show the décolletage. This was an easy hairstyle for girls who were of a lower social class than queen Victoria. A lot of girls looked up to her as a style icon therefore this was an easier hairstyle for them to recreate at home.

Reflection:
If i did this hairstyle again i would make sure i added hair pieces to make Leah's hair a lot longer, so i could then get the plaits to loop underneath the ear and wrap around the bun to make that bigger as well. I would also want to take more time to make sure the pins were hidden in the bun. Overall i found this hairstyle quite easy to recreate, the only difficulty i had was making it look realistic to portraits and photos etc from the time as Leah's hair wasn't long enough.

Tom hardy adaptation of Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights (2009) was an adaptation of the famous victorian gothic novel 'Wuthering Heights' which was written by Emily Bronte. This Tv series was written by Peter Bowker and directed by Coky Giedroyc.  The film starred Tom Hardy, Charlotte Riley, Andrew Lincoln, Sarah Lancashire, Rebecca Night. The series was split into 2 episodes. 'Based on the classic novel by Emily Brontë, Wuthering Heights is a story of love, obsession, hate and revenge. The protagonists, Cathy and Heathcliff, form a love that is dark and destructive and affects the lives of everyone around them.'

The original Wuthering Heights novel was written in Yorkshire dialect and when i came to reading it i found it very difficult to understand. I had to read through each chapter twice to make sure i sort of understood. Instantly i thought of trying to find clips on youtube of the different adaptations and thats when i came across this one. I found this so much easier to understand and it set the scene in my head so i could then put words from the novel to a scene in the series. 

References:

1. 

Wuthering Heights (2009 Television Serial) Wiki (2016). 

2. 

Wuthering heights - 2009 PBS part 1/2, 2012 . YouTube

Emily Brontë

Emily Bronte was an english novelist and poet who was best known for her only novel 'Wuthering Heights'. Emily was the third eldest of the four surviving Bronte siblings.

Emily wrote under the name of 'Ellis Bell'. She and her two sisters decided to write under male names to deter any bias on the basis of their gender. Emily hated being known as an author and made Charlotte promise to never tell anyone.

All the information that we have today about Emily didn't come from her herself. She kept extremely quiet about herself and her life, her sister Charlotte actually revealed a lot of information about her after her death at the age of 30.

Wuthering Heights was first published in London in 1847. Wuthering heights was a part of a 3 volume set that included Anne Bronte's 'Agnes Grey'. Authors were printed as Ellis and Acton Bell; Emily's real name did not appear until Charlotte got it re-published after her death in 1850.

References:
1.

Emily Brontë (2016) in Wikipedia. Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emily_Brontë (Accessed: 14 April 2016).

2.

Interesting facts (no date) Available at: http://sbalshonorsbritlitbronte.weebly.com/interesting-facts.html (Accessed: 14 April 2016).

Wuthering Heights family tree

When reading Wuthering Heights i instantly found that it was a very difficult read and there were A LOT of characters involved. So about 2 chapters in i decided that it would be good to research all the characters involved and create a family tree.

After i had written the family tree i was able to link all the characters together and their relationships within the book, i found myself looking back to this every time i read more as it helped me get a better understanding of the storyline as a whole. 

From doing this i definitely found that i understood the book better by writing things down and creating visuals for the novel. When it came to understanding it all after i had read the novel, i then watched the adaptation starring Tom Hardy, because this is a visual and it put a picture into my head to fit with the storyline, i was able to get to grips with what the novel was trying to portray.

Burns using gelatine

There are a lot of different types of burns so before you start a burn you need to think about how it was caused, how old it is, has it been infected? etc.

1st degree burns (Sunburn) can be created using Isopropyl alcohol to create that red,sore skin.

2nd degree burns (boiling water spilt on skin) has a a lot more texture to it as the skin starts to show through.

3rd degree burns (acid burn) the edges are a lot more blended however the depth of the burn is a lot worse and the inner flesh is showing.

If the cause was a house fire the flesh can burn like meat would. It would turn black when burnt and can also have soot in it.

Health & safety:
- Gelatine is known for being very gentle on the skin and it is very unlikely for someone to react to it, but just ask and make sure that they don't react to it, you could do a sample on their wrist just to make sure.
- To use the gelatine it has to be melted in a microwave and gets extremely hot so you have to be careful when applying it to the skin as it can burn someone very easily, so test it on yourself before applying it on their skin to make sure it is not too hot.

Gelatine:
- Melt the gelatine in the microwave for around 15 seconds until it has all melted to a smooth liquid consistency.
- If you add glitter to the gelatine if you were using it for another use other than burns then it cannot go back in the microwave to be reheated as metals cannot be put i the microwave.
- Unlike latex where you may have to use a barrier cream the gelatine can be put straight on the skin. It is very unlikely for someone to be allergic to gelatine so it's a really good product to use if you can't use latex.
- You can pour gelatine into moulds to keep continuity within your makeup looks. Have to make sure that you have coated the mould with vaseline or something similar so that the gelatine doesnt stick to it.
- Can use it to stick jewels on the skin, it's a good adhesive.

Application:
- Check that it is not too hot on your skin before you apply it to the model.
- As it starts to become tacky on the skin, make sure the edges are blended and then start to lift the product using your spatula to create texture to the wound.
- Cool with a hairdryer.
- Blend away hard edges with witch hazel and a baby bud.
- Powder over the top of it to matte out the area, shine can be added again later by using vaseline.
- Use a supra colour to add red to the area to create the look of sore, hot skin.
- Then take a look at your wound you have created and darken it in areas thats needed and you can add blood, wound filler and puss to make the wound stand out more.

Tools used:
-Gelatine
-Spatula
-witch hazel
-baby buds
- hair pins
- makeup brushes for supra colours
- hairdryer

Reflection:
I much preferred using gelatine to using latex, it was a lot softer on the skin and didn't hurt at all to remove. It's created a much better look, the texture felt a lot more skin like. The only part i found hard was blending the edges, i need to practice that more as the product was so much thicker than latex and dried extremely fast it was difficult to make sure all the edges were blended before it started to go tacky. Another issue was that the product was extremely hot when it was first taken out of the microwave, i ended up burning myself on the product. This is where i have to be really careful with a client as it could easily burn them. We are trying to give them the effect of the burn not actually burning them hahah. I have to make sure that i check it on my skin a couple of times before so that it's not too hot. Next time i need to take a lot more time to focus on blending the edges and creating a detailed burn to make it look real.

Cuts, Scratches & bruises

Health & safety:

-When applying the latex over the wax make sure that if the person has sensitive skin you apply barrier cream prior to starting any of the make up as this will prevent the latex from reacting to the skin.
- When making a cut from the wax using a spatula, it's important that you don't press too hard as when i was having a cut done on my face, the spatula actually scratched my skin and made it bleed a little.

Products used:

Bruises:
- Ben nye bruise wheel
- Kryolan bruise wheel

Cuts:
- Latex
- Moulding wax
- Supra colours
- Sealer ( if allergic to latex)
- Acetone to blend edges
- Blood ( colour of blood depends on the type of wound)
- Collodium (scarring) - use pro-shield foam before
- Wound filler ( texture of flesh)
- Puss (infected wounds)
- Alcohol

Tools used:
- Stipple sponge
- Black stipple sponge
-Kryolan blush brush
- plastic/metal palette knife/spatula
- hair pin

1. Apply the wax onto the skin using a spatula or palette knife and make sure that all the edges are smooth so that it looks like it's part of the skin.

2. Make the cut in the shape that you want and then apply latex using a stipple sponge over the top and blend the edges, this will hold the wax in place on your face.

3.  Dry the latex using a hair dryer on a cool heat.  Blend any edges that aren't smooth using acetone.

4. Using the alcohol and a supra colour, put a wash of red over the skin to create the illusion of sore skin. Apply all the others colours to create the kind of cut that you want.

5. Apply wound filler to the middle using a hair pin, this will deepen and darken the cut. Then apply some of the blood around the rest of the wound. This gives the wound some texture and makes the blood look glossy.

6. To create scratches on the skin you can take a black stipple sponge and some blood and drag it over the skin.

Scratches:
To create scratches on the skin all we used was either some of the fake blood / red supra colour and used the black stipple sponge really lightly on the skin and just swiped in a downwards motion. This will create the effect of a scratch.

Bruises/ black eyes:

Using the ben nye or kryolan bruise wheel, create the desired black eye or bruise you would want. You have to take into consideration that bruises change colour depending on the length of time they have been there. You can get different colour bruise wheels, yellow tones, purple tones, brights and dull colours.
Black eyes and bruises are ever just one colour, so you really have to look in detail at what colours you can see in a black eye and try and replicate that.

Reflection:
The cuts went well apart from the edges and some of the colouring. I need to get used to using latex and the wax and practice blending the edges more. I found it difficult to blend the edges of the latex even when using acetone, however the wax was a lot easier to blend. I need to purchase the right spatula to help make this process easier, as using a smoother, flat spatula makes it easier to smooth out the edges of the wax especially.
I found the wax a lot easier to work with than latex, a lot less messy and doesn't hurt at all when removing it.
My partner used a plastic spatula on me and it ended up scratching my face underneath because there was a sharp edge on it, so i definitely need to purchase a metal spatula so that it's smooth and i don't make that mistake with a client.
When it came to the black eye i din't have a lot of time to try this, literally had 5/10 minutes. So next time i would make sure i had a lot more time and think about the colours i should use and the placement of my colours.
I am not going to use either cuts or bruises in my design for my character, however the bruise wheel might come in handy for darkening up the eye area and creating a red sore look which is something i am looking at doing.

Review: BBC Art Of Gothic

The Art Of Gothic programme i thought was very interesting in how it explained how 'gothic' means a lot of different things depending on the era and whether it was novel,paintings, architecture etc.

Andrew Graham- Dixon presented a BBC Four programme on how 19th century architects and artists made a big impact and looked at past medieval Britain and the modern age to create buildings and paintings inspired by the gothic meaning that they had discovered.

The meaning of gothic came from the Italian renaissance where they explained it as 'anything that isn't civilised'. The 'Castle of Otrantro' was the beginnings of the gothic era and was a massive inspiration to later gothic novel writers. This novel was actually very poorly written however it caused so much fuss because it was something that people of that time had never heard of before. No one was ever allowed to talk about dark and mysterious thoughts like those written in the novel so when all these fantasies came about through the book people were stunned. A lot of famous novelists who wrote about these fantasies and deep, dark thoughts didn't actually want anyone to know that it was them who had written about it so they changed their name that was published on the book. When Horace Walpole wrote the Castle of Otrantro he also changed his name because previously he has been publicly humiliated for the fact that he had a gay encounter with his cousin, this was seen as very wrong at the time and when his novel came out it showed a lot of fantasies involving men.

In the documentary they then looked at art and paintings of that time and also way before gothic horror became so popular. They found that a lot of painters had included gothic like fantasies in paintings. He mentioned the term 'Sublime' which meant the fear of natural occurrences such as waves, storms etc. These were painted into scenes involving dark stories to make the scene more believable and realistic. He also found that people like William Shakespeare who was massively influential and still is to the present day also included gothic parts within his sonnets. Macbeth has a very dark meaning to it.

Another very important part of gothic horror is the romance involved within it, it's a big part of novels and art. At the time that it came about, sex, relationships and sexual fantasies were never spoke about. When these novels were presenting ideas about sex and relationships everyone was very shocked to hear it. The Mayor of London's son inherited a huge amount of money and threw a 21st style birthday party, but it turned out to be a 3 day orgy.

The French revolution (1787-1799) brought the fear of gothic horror to life. There was a lot of violence which brought peoples nightmare's to life. New machinery was introduced such as the Guillotine which meant peoples heads were being cut off just like the scenes in paintings and novels of horror.

I enjoyed watching parts of the documentary however, some parts were boring and i lost concentration. The parts that i did find interesting were good and related a lot to that of the novel i am studying which is why i had full concentration on parts. It gave me a better understanding about how diverse the term gothic horror is and how it can relate to a lot of different things in culture, such as paintings, novels, architecture, plays etc.

Ageing using latex & scars

Health & safety
- Test latex on the skin before use (little dot on the inside of the arm/wrist). Some people can be allergic to latex.
- Barrier cream/ foam on before you apply and latex based products, small prosthetics. It creates a barrier for sensitive skin.
- Latex can hurt if you apply it to 'hairy areas' especially when removing it.
- Remove products with warm water.
- Don't tip any products down the sink, it will block it.
- Cover the person's clothes over because it can damage all clothes.

When applying latex for ageing:
- Apply products with stipple sponges.
- Use acetone to blend away any edges.

Demo:
Decant the latex into a pot as it will help get rid of the smell. Keep the lid shut as it will form a skin in the bottle.

1. Apply the pro shield barrier cream around the areas you are applying latex.
2. Stretch the skin and stipple on the latex.
3. Test hair dryer on you so that you know it's cool so it won't burn the client.
4. The latex will turn clear when dry.
5. Layer up the latex as much as you want.
6. Look at the different colours in the hand, not just one colour ( it looks false)

Ageing:
- *Research how people age*. Skin ages differently depending on age, so think about this and the character you are trying to age.
- Around the eyes we are darker and a bit blue.
- Red liner for the eye (bloodshot eyes)
- Old age stipple latex.. same process as regular latex it just has colour. Can be bought it different skin tone colours.

Scar:

To create the look of an old scar we used a product called 'collodium'.

1. Apply barrier cream before using the collodium
2. Apply the collodium straight from the bottle in the shape that you want your scar and using a hair dryer dry the liquid
3. Then squeeze the skin together to create some texture to the scar


Reflection:
When applying the latex around the eyes i found it very difficult to blend the edges and make sure that the product didn't go in the hair. Next time i will have to be more careful when applying it and take more time. As you can see in the picture above some of the latex wasn't blending properly near the hair line even when i was trying to blend it with acetone. Another mistake i made was powdering it a lot more to make sure the latex became fully matte so it looked more like skin.

Using the collodium was very easy however the outcome wasn't very good. I didn't think it looked much like a scar it looked like pva glue had just dried clear on my hand. This is definitely a product i need to practice with to get better at creating scars.

My character is a youthful man so i won't be using any ageing as i don't believe he would have any ageing to his skin. He was an outgoing and adventurous boy growing up so i believe that his skin would be very youthful. For my character i want to use the latex technique described above but apply it to the lips to create dry skin on the lip as he was always outside and would be in contact with a lot of harsh weather, eg. wind,rain etc. This would cause the skin to become dry.